WFO Plant List | World Flora Online

As classified in WFO snapshot

June 2025

latest classification for this taxon

genus

Viola L.

This genus name was first published in Sp. Pl. : 933 (1753)

At the time of this classification snapshot, this genus name was accepted by WFO (placed as the accepted name of a taxon). Its description and other taxonomic data can be found on World Flora Online, id: wfo-4000040312.

Literature

Sp. Pl. 2: 933. 1753 [1 May 1753]

Statistics

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Synonyms of Viola

Name	Author	Protologue	WFO link
Crocion	Nieuwl. & Kaczm.	Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 214 (1914)	wfo-4000009729
Dischidium	Rchb.	Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst. 269. 1837.	wfo-4000012124
Erpetion	DC. ex Sweet	Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: t. 170 (1826)	wfo-4000013935
Ion	Medik.	Malvenfam. : 102 (1787)	wfo-4000019128
Lophion	Spach	Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 516 (1836)	wfo-4000022198
Mnemion	Spach	Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 510 (1836)	wfo-4000024472
Oionychion	Nieuwl. & Kaczm.	Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 210 (1914)	wfo-4000026681
Cittaronium	Rchb.	Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch : 186 (1841)	wfo-4000045020
Grammeionium	Rchb.	Consp. Regn. Veg. : 188 (1828)	wfo-4000045023

Species in Viola ( ${pageIsLoading?'loading':'showing'} species ${currentlyShowingRangeFirst} to ${currentlyShowingRangeLast} of ${ totalPartsCount })

Name	Author	Protologue	Nomenclator	WFO link
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Unplaced Names

These names are not yet placed in the taxonomy, but may be associated with Viola:

Name	Author	Protologue	Nomenclator	WFO link
Viola unranked pseudorupestres	W.Becker	Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 21: 372. 1925 , as 'Pseudo-rupestres'		wfo-1200040796
Viola abbreviata	J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores	Int. Rock Gard. 110: 36, figs. 21, 28, 35, 43, 49-51, 53-56, 61-62. 2019		wfo-0001354337
Viola acanthophylla var. tontalensis	W.Becker	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 183. 1922		wfo-0001397529
Viola acaulis	Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 389, in syn. 1819 [Dec 1819]		wfo-0000426679
Viola acuminata subsp. grandistipulata	(W.Becker) Espeut	Botanica Pacifica 9(1): 18. 2020		wfo-1200008027
Viola acuminata var. austroussuriensis	(W.Becker) Espeut	Botanica Pacifica 9(1): 18. 2020		wfo-1200008047
Viola adulterina	Schur	in Verh. Naturf. Ver. Bruenn xv. II. (1877) 108.		wfo-0000426688
Viola adunca f. candida	Lepage	Naturaliste Canad. 79: 180. 1942		wfo-0001324928
Viola adunca subsp. typica	M.S.Baker	Madroño 3: 233. 1936		wfo-0001367903
Viola aethnensis subsp. aethnensis	–	–	—	wfo-1200108093
Viola aguilaris	Sennen & Gonzalo	Cavanillesia ii. 77 (1929).		wfo-0000426258
Viola ajtayana	Wagner	Magyar Bot. Lapok 1913, xii. 35, hybr.		wfo-0000426246
Viola alajensis	W.Becker	Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins xix. 37 (1904).		wfo-0000426241
Viola alba subsp. alba	–	–	—	wfo-1200107726
Viola alba var. lactea	Espeut	Monde Pl. 464: 17, nom. nov.:. 1999		wfo-0001391028
Viola alba var. picta	(Moggr.) Espeut	Monde Pl. 464: 16. 1999		wfo-0001391027
Viola alba var. scotophyllodes	Wiesb. ex Dichtl	Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 45. 1885		wfo-0001398613
Viola albida f. viridis	Y.N.Lee	Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 6: 4 (fig.). 2006 [20 Dec 2006]		wfo-0001325680
Viola albida var. eizanensis	(Makino) Espeut	Botanica Pacifica 9(1): 23. 2020		wfo-1200008028
Viola albida var. sieboldiana	(Maxim.) Espeut	Botanica Pacifica 9(1): 23. 2020		wfo-1200008048
Viola albiensis	Sudre	in Lucante, Rev. de Bot. xii. (1894) 19.		wfo-0000426201
Viola alburnica	Ricceri & Moraldo	Boll. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania 51(no. 381): FP 187. 2018		wfo-1000008118
Viola algida	Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 391. 1819 [Dec 1819]		wfo-0000426195
Viola allchariensis subsp. allchariensis	–	–	—	wfo-1200107949
Viola allchariensis subsp. gostivarensis	W.Becker & Bornm.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 75. 1921 (1921)		wfo-1200011650
Viola allegheniensis	L.K.Henry	Castanea 18(2): 53 (t. 2). 1953 [21 Aug 1953]		wfo-0000426202
Viola allionii	Hegetschw.	Fl. Schweiz [Hegetschweiler] 242. [Dec 1838-Jan 1839]		wfo-0000426223
Viola alpestris	(DC. ex Ging.) Jord.	Observ. Pl. Nouv. ii. (1846) 32, in textu.		wfo-0000426221
Viola alpestris	Hegetschw.	Fl. Schweiz [Hegetschweiler] 245. [Dec 1838-Jan 1839]		wfo-0000426220
Viola alpestris	W.Becker	in Neue Denkschr. Schweiz. Nat. Ges. xlv. Abh. I. 72. 1910		wfo-0000426219
Viola alpigena	Chatenier	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 284, hybr. 1911		wfo-0000426218
Viola altaica subsp. oreades	(M. Bieb.) W. Becker	–	—	wfo-1200112148
Viola amani	Post	Bull. Herb. Boissier i. (1893) 16, 411.		wfo-0000426212
Viola amiatina	Ricceri & Moraldo	Boll. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania 51(no. 381): FP 189. 2018		wfo-1000008119
Viola amoena	Leconte	Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York ii. (1828) 144.		wfo-0000426605
Viola anceps	K.Richt.	Sitzungsber. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien xli. (1891) 20.		wfo-0001357320
Viola andersonii	Greene	Pittonia 4(25): 287. 1901 [30 Sep 1901]		wfo-0000426568
Viola andina	W.Becker	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37(5): 591. 1906 [30 Oct 1906]		wfo-0000426567
Viola andrasovszkyi	Javorka	Bot. Közlem. 19: 26. 1921		wfo-0000426566
Viola anglica	Drabble	J. Bot. 64: 269. 1926		wfo-0000426572
Viola anisopetala	Greene	Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 97. 1910		wfo-0001240313
Viola anodonta	Greene	Pittonia 5(26): 32. 1902 [9 Sep 1902]		wfo-0000426561
Viola anomala	Kit. ex Colla	Herb. Pedem. i. 268 (1833), in obs.		wfo-0000426560
Viola apetala	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. ii. 124. 1782		wfo-0000426580
Viola appendiculata	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. ii. 770.		wfo-0000426586
Viola arborescens f. latifolia	(DC.) Fern.Casado	Lagascalia 14(1): 136 (1986):.		wfo-0001326615
Viola arborescens f. willkommii	Fern.Casado	Lagascalia 14(1): 136 (1986), without type, as nom. nov. but contrary to Art. 33.3 ICBN 1983.		wfo-0001326553
Viola argenteria	Moraldo & G.Forneris	Allionia 28: 51, 52 (1987–88 publ. 1988), nom. nov.:.		wfo-0000426575
Viola argentinensis	Speg.	Physis (Buenos Aires) 3: 178. 1917		wfo-0000426573
Viola arophila	Wiesb.	in Formanek, Beitr. Mittl. u. Sudl. Mahr. 79 (1886).		wfo-0000426690
Viola arvensis subsp. andina	W.Becker	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37(5): 591. 1906 [30 Oct 1906]		wfo-0001368487
Viola arvensis subsp. minima	(Gaudin) Mateo, M.B.Crespo & E.Laguna	Fl. Valentina 5: 233 2024		wfo-1200095870
Viola arvensis var. anglica	(Drabble) P.D.Sell	Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 0.522222222. 2018		wfo-1200002743
Viola arvensis var. arvatica	(Jord.) P.D.Sell	Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 0.522222222. 2018		wfo-1200002744
Viola arvensis var. deseglisei	(Jord. ex Boreau) P.D.Sell	Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 0.522222222. 2018		wfo-1200002745
Viola arvensis var. latifolia	(Drabble) P.D.Sell	Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 0.522222222. 2018		wfo-1200002746
Viola arvensis var. segetalis	(Jord.) P.D.Sell	Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 0.522222222. 2018		wfo-1200002747
Viola asterias var. genuina	Reiche	Anales Univ. Chile 90: 899. 1895 Reiche, Flora de Chile, 1: 149. 1896		wfo-0001397530
Viola atlantica	Britton	Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24(2): 92. 1897 [28 Feb 1897]		wfo-0000426656
Viola attenuata	Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 884. 1821		wfo-0000426534
Viola auricolor	Skottsb.	Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. n.f, 56(5): 130, 260. 1916		wfo-0000426520
Viola ausonensis	Sennen	Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32(4-6): 111. 1932 [Apr-Jun 1932]		wfo-0000426527
Viola austroyunnanensis	Y.S.Chen	Phytotaxa 613(2): 154 2023		wfo-1000055277
Viola averii	Kellogg	Pacific Rural Press 1879: 354.		wfo-0000426523
Viola babiogorensis	Zapał.	Bull. Acad. Cracovie 1914 B. 461, hybr.		wfo-0000426521
Viola babunensis	Erben	Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 21(2): 600 (1985).		wfo-0000426545
Viola bachtschisaraensis	Vl.V.Nikitin	Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 86(1): 145. 2001		wfo-0000426529
Viola badensis	Wiesb.	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 24: 225 (1874)		wfo-0000426530
Viola balearica	Rosselló, Mayol & Mus	Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 32: 154 (1988), nom. nov.:.		wfo-0000426551
Viola balmesi	Sennen	Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32(4-6): 112. 1932 [Apr-Jun 1932]		wfo-0000426550
Viola banatica	Simonk.	Erdely edenyes Fl. (1887) 112.		wfo-0000426558
Viola barbata	Muhl.	Cat. 25; Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. v. 356.		wfo-0000426544
Viola barceloi	L.Chodat	Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève Ser. 2, xv. 234 (1924).		wfo-0000426542
Viola barhalensis	G.Knoche & Marcussen	Phytotaxa 275(1): 14. 2016 [16 Sep 2016] [epublished]		wfo-0001356694
Viola barkalovii	Bezd.	Komarovskie Chteniya (Vladivostok) 48: 102. 2001		wfo-1000035168
Viola basilensis	W.Becker	in Neue Denkschr. Schweiz. Nat. Ges. xlv. Abh. l. 10, hybr. 1910		wfo-0000426541
Viola batava	Kloos	Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1923, 185 (1924), hybr.		wfo-0000426540
Viola baxteri	House	Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 254: 500 (1924)		wfo-0000426640
Viola beati	J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores	Willdenowia 49(1): 36. 2019		wfo-1000034897
Viola beckiana subsp. beckiana	–	–	—	wfo-1200108505
Viola beckiana subsp. pascua	(W. Becker) Trinajstić	–	—	wfo-1200112149
Viola beebyi	Druce	List Brit. Pl. 9 (1908), hybr.		wfo-0000426636
Viola behboudiana	Rech.f. & Esfand.	Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. lxxxvii. 297 (1950).		wfo-0000426635
Viola bellidifolia subsp. typica	M.S.Baker	Madroño 5: 223. 1940		wfo-0001367904
Viola beraudii	Boreau	Fl. Centre France, ed. 3 [Boreau] 2: 76. 1857		wfo-0000426641
Viola berggrenii	W.Becker	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 107, hybr. 1925		wfo-0000426631
Viola bernardii	(Greene) Greene	Pittonia 5: 123 (1903)		wfo-0001144600
Viola bernoulliana	W.Becker	in Burnat, Fl. Alp. Marit. iv. 263 (1906).		wfo-0000426630
Viola bertolonii	Pio	De Viola specimen botanico-medicum (1813)	—	wfo-1000080753
Viola bertoti	Souché	Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise (1892), ex Corbiere. Nouv. Fl. Norm. (1893) 77.		wfo-0000426624
Viola bessarabica	Zapał.	Bull. Acad. Cracovie 1914 B. 459, hybr.		wfo-0000426623
Viola besseri	Rupr.	Fl. Caucasi 151. 1869		wfo-0000426622
Viola bethkeana	Borbás	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 422. 1891		wfo-0000426646
Viola bethkeana	Prahl	Krit. Fl. Prov. Schlesw.-Holst. ii. (1890) 23.		wfo-0000426632
Viola bethkei	K.Richt.	Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 221. 1888		wfo-0000426633
Viola betonicifolia f. betonicifolia	–	–		wfo-0001327072
Viola betonicifolia subsp. australiensis	W.Becker	Botanische Jahrb?cher 54 Beiblatt 120 1917		wfo-0001367338
Viola betonicifolia subsp. betonicifolia	–	–		wfo-0001367340
Viola betonicifolia var. albescens	(Nakai) F.Maek. & T.Hashim.	J. Jap. Bot. 43: 162 (1968)		wfo-1200011786
Viola betonicifolia var. betonicifolia	–	–		wfo-0001392990